Initialize a Zmanim instance.
GeoLocation including latitude, longitude, and timezone
Regular or Hebrew Date. If date
is a regular Date
,
hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds are ignored.
use elevation for calculations (default false
).
If true
, use elevation to affect the calculation of all sunrise/sunset based
zmanim. Note: there are some zmanim such as degree-based zmanim that are driven
by the amount of light in the sky and are not impacted by elevation.
These zmanim intentionally do not support elevation adjustment.
Rabbeinu Tam holds that bein hashmashos is a specific time between sunset and tzeis hakochavim. One opinion on how to calculate this time is that it is 13.5 minutes before tzies 7.083. Because degree-based functions estimate the amount of light in the sky, the result is not impacted by elevation.
Earliest Mincha – Mincha Gedola (GRA); Sunrise plus 6.5 halachic hours. If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation.
This method returns the latest mincha gedola, the earliest time one can pray mincha
that is 6.5 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or sea level sunrise
(depending on the useElevation
setting), according
to the GRA.
The Ramba"m is of the opinion that it is better to delay mincha until mincha ketana while the Ra"sh, Tur, GRA and others are of the opinion that mincha can be prayed lechatchila starting at mincha gedola.
Earliest Mincha – Mincha Gedola (MGA); Sunrise plus 6.5 halachic hours. If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation.
This method returns the time of mincha gedola according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 72 minutes before sunrise and ending 72 minutes after sunset. This is the earliest time to pray mincha.
Preferable earliest time to recite Minchah – Mincha Ketana; Sunrise plus 9.5 halachic hours. If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation.
This method returns mincha ketana, the preferred earliest time to pray mincha in the
opinion of the Rambam and others,
that is 9.5 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or sea level sunrise
(depending on the useElevation
setting), according
to the GRA.
This method returns the time of mincha ketana according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 72 minutes before sunrise and ending 72 minutes after sunset. This is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to the opinion of the Rambam and others.
If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation.
Latest Shema (MGA); Sunrise plus 3 halachic hours, according to Magen Avraham. Based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall with both being 19.8° below the horizon.
This calculation is based on the position of the sun 90 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux which calculates to 19.8° below geometric zenith. https://kosherjava.com/2022/01/12/equinox-vs-equilux-zmanim-calculations/
Latest Shacharit (Gra); Sunrise plus 4 halachic hours, according to the Gra.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite shema in the morning)
that is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or sea level sunrise
(depending on the useElevation
setting), according
to the GRA.
If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation.
Latest Shacharit (MGA); Sunrise plus 4 halachic hours, according to Magen Avraham. Based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall with both being 19.8° below the horizon.
This calculation is based on the position of the sun 90 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux which calculates to 19.8° below geometric zenith. https://kosherjava.com/2022/01/12/equinox-vs-equilux-zmanim-calculations/
Returns sunrise + offset
minutes (either positive or negative).
If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation
unless forceSeaLevel
is true
.
minutes
round time to nearest minute (default true)
use sea-level sunrise (default false)
Returns sunset + offset
minutes (either positive or negative).
If elevation is enabled, this function will include elevation in the calculation
unless forceSeaLevel
is true
.
minutes
round time to nearest minute (default true)
use sea-level sunset (default false)
Optional
angle: number = 8.5optional time for solar depression. Default is 8.5 degrees for 3 small stars, use 7.083 degrees for 3 medium-sized stars. Because degree-based functions estimate the amount of light in the sky, the result is not impacted by elevation.
Static
formatISOWithStatic
formatStatic
roundStatic
time
Calculate halachic times (zmanim / זְמַנִּים) for a given day and location. Calculations are available for tzeit / tzais (nightfall), shkiah (sunset) and more.
Zmanim are estimated using an algorithm published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The NOAA solar calculator is based on equations from Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus.
The sunrise and sunset results are theoretically accurate to within a minute for locations between +/- 72° latitude, and within 10 minutes outside of those latitudes. However, due to variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, pressure and conditions, observed values may vary from calculations. https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/calcdetails.html
Example